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All You Ever Wanted To Know About Cell Phone Batteries

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:03:58 +0000

Cell phones run on various kinds of batteries depending on the manufacturer, phone size or shape and features. There are basically four types of cell phone batteries: Lithium Polymer, Lithium Ion, Nickel Metal Hydride and Nickel Cadmium.

Lithium Polymer is the most current type and applies the latest technology in DC power. This type of battery is light in weight and will not explode even if pierced. The battery elements are enclosed in platic pouches and do not have memory defects. They last about 50 times longer than Nickel Metal Hydride batteries.

Lithium Ion is also memory efficient and longer lasting than Nickel Metal Hydride batteries but they are quite lighter. They tend to be costly and would only fit new models of phones. Most Lithium-ion batteries apply a fast charge technique to swiftly charge up your cell phone up to 80% capacity and then slowly bring it up to full power in about two hours.

Nickel Metal Hydride is also memory efficient and lasts longer than the NIM type about 40 times. This type of battery is good for people who need rapid charging and if used with a automobile charger can be fully charged under 1 hour. The special formula permits the concentration of energy in a single pack – sometimes about twice the power of Nickel Cadmium. This type is preferred by a lot of mobile phone users because it lasts long and is cheap. Again, they are non-toxic and appeals to environmentalists.

Nickel Cadmium are the oldest type and has a lot of memory defects. Another severe disadvantage is that they will have to be completely discharged before you can charge them again otherwise you might irreversibly alteration them. Again this type is highly toxic due to the presence of Nickel Cadmium and is gradually being phased out by cell phone manufacturers.

batteries typically have 300 to 400 charge cycles in their life span. It is so because anytime you charge your battery, the battery loses away some of its potency and thus become diminished in power.

cell phone batteries can be pretty costly items if you think about the fact that a Nokia 3310 battery can cost up to .95. Here are a few tips to prolong the life of your battery:

Dont grant materials to get stuck on the terminals as that causes the battery to lose contact with the terminals resulting in improper connection.

Keep the batteries in a cool place and grant them to adjust to room temperature before charging as the sharp rise in temperature upon charging can alteration them.

The life of your cell phone depends on the potency of your battery. Knowing how they operate and how to care for them can ensure that your cellular device runs and runs well for years.

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What Is All About GPS Cell Phone?

Fri, 01 Jul 2011 16:09:03 +0000

GPS cell phone requires a GPS receiver and the signals received from different satellites point out the location of the receiver. Recently, more cell phones are being manufactured with GPS receivers as a built-in feature. GPS offer instructions turn-by-turn and often comes with illustrated maps and voice that also shows the location on the screen of the cell phone. The GPS built-in receiver method is very comfortable as there is no special device or wires required to connect or nothing is required to download. Merely, attaching the GPS enabled phone to the windshield holder or even when a mortal is on foot by actuation a few buttons, the individual should have all the guidelines about the location.

Apart from the convenience, GPS cell phone offers great accuracy and seldom looses the GPS signals. The way the system works is easy – the cell phone tower enhances the satellite signal and this helps in prompting the route. The advantage of the wireless assisted GPS is that it can comfortably work inside buildings or even under thick, heavy forest. However, the disadvantage of this plan is that the GPS functions only in the places that have cellular telephone service. A result, using a separate GPS receiver connected to your cell phone should enable the signals, regardless of the cellular service availability and as long as the receiver as well as the satellites view apiece other.

GPS receivers are acquirable bundled with software on a separate card such that it can be inserted into a phone slot. The software is featured with maps that can be displayed on the cell phone screen and you can keep on receiving cell phone calls. This can as well be connected to the world wide web using the cell phone when GPS is working provided you have appropriate subscriptions to do so. The methods of separate GPS receiver is restricted to monthly plan fees, but balancing the GPS receiver as well as the software cost ranging from 0 is a must. The cost of this might increase depending on the additional on other features you plan to add. Despite being a non-technical mortal or a mortal who never goes through any manual, if they stay in areas having a good cell phone service, then their good choice for GPS plans might be Nextel, Sprint or Verizon.

The task of the GPS cell phones is that it can be used in any place of your choice as it does not restrict the usage limitation to automobile alone. However, the market has now come with ideal cell phones and majority of them feature GPS as regular, and probably finally all phones will come featuring GPS compulsorily. The term GPS is thought to be a product that gives directions turn by turn while driving a car, whereas the voice directions is the ideal benefit acquirable in any traditional GPS systems and lacks in cell phones. GPS is of immense use in emergencies in locating a gas station or a nearby town, and can also specify the location requesting aid. The ideal about GPS is to input the destination place and it gives the exact directions as the output and following it is enough to reach the correct place.

You can have access to articles about cell phone in portuguese language from page PoloMercantil

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Some Pointers About Web Design

Thu, 30 Jun 2011 12:07:56 +0000

In order to master the art of webdesign, designers must follow the subsequent pointers:

1. Web designers are marketers per se. Web sites are all about advertising products, ideas and services. Thus, a webdesigner has to comprehend the mindset of marketers in order to create a design that sell.

2. Read, read and read. We do not experience everything. Thus, our tendency is to learn from others. Reading webdesign books, newsletters and tips are pretty valuable since they can save you time and effort. Basically, books are more conclusive than newsletters and tips however, they are for free and mostly updated.

3. Narrow down your target market. You can't please everybody same thing that you can't be good at everything. Thus, this fact calls for the narrowing of your target market. Even in the interface of the so-called webdesign, a designer can't claim that he is an expert at anything or everything about the needs of a website. It is superior to pick a certain audience and try to be good at catching their attention, preference and choice. This practice grants you to be ideal at a given area thus developing expertise.

4. Answer your target audience’s needs. In order to answer the visitor’s needs, webdesigners must know what kind of visitors his site is welcoming. Do they belong to the younger generation or otherwise? What do they want from your site? Are these information, details and pleasures in your site in order to get their undivided attention and loyalty? Bear in mind that colors, font size, style of graphics, contents and the entirety of the site affects viewer’s decision and choice.

5. Know the basics of SEO and copywriting. Though Search Engine Optimization and copywriting are not directly related to designing, still, designers must have basic knowledge about them. This is because webdesigning is intertwined with marketing, use of keywords and visibility.

Aside from that, designers must also have knowledge of the programming basics. If not, the tendency is waste time or to create a mediocre or unsatisfactory design to the detriment of the sites.

6. The primacy of functionality. If ever you are visaged to make a decision between a web site’s aesthetic form and its functionality, you have to be firm in upholding the latter. Not everything that is pretty is ‘saleable’. Besides, you don’t create web sites for the intoxicant of making it nice-looking.

Above anything else, the site must be functional so as to cater to each visitor’s wants and needs. Appearance is a means to catch visitor’s attention nevertheless, it is not the end. If a designer prioritizes appearance alone without considering its primary consideration the web site’s marketability will suffer.

7. Know when to break the rules. Rules are only guidelines, if you feel that the rules are inappropriate for a certain creation follow your heart’s desire and venture on an experimental adventure.

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Technology Laws You Should Know About

Wed, 29 Jun 2011 20:02:18 +0000

Some of us can concur that our accounts or passwords have been hacked at least once or even have suffered from indistinguishability theft. For educational purposes i have summarized eighteen U.S. laws that affect technology and society this day many of which you should be familiar with.

18 USC 1030 - Computer Fraud and Abuse (1954) Prohits gaining intentional access to fortified information without authorization. “Protected computers” are covered includes any personal used in interstate or foreign commerce. Damages must exceed ,000.
18 USC 1029 - Credit Card Fraud - Charges an individual with a federal crime. Crime to possess 15 or more counterfeit credit cards does not have to exceed ,000 in damage. Attack on personal to acquire access to massive number of credit card numbers which he has no authorization is a violation of statute.
18 USC 2511 - Wiretap statute Interception - Outlaws the interception of telephone calls and other types of electronic communication and prevents police from using wiretaps without a warrant. Placing a “sniffer” violates the statute.
18 USC 2701 - Access to Electronic Information - Prohibits unlawful access to stored communications, but also prohibits preventing authorized users from accessing systems that store electronic communications. Owner of the service might access any file on the system. If an organization Is providing communications service any file can be accessed by authorized employees.
U.S. Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening USA by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (10/26/01) - Introduced after sep 11 attacks. President George W. Bush. Altered wording to US Code 1030, US Code 3127- law enforcement acquire information from devices in addition to telephones & obtain trap and trace orders for devices in other districts. US Code 2511 and 2701-computer trespass exception and wage the telegram act fix.
Homeland Security - (11/25/02) -The primary mission of the Department is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the United Says to terrorism, minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States. Introduced after the september 11 attacks by President George W. Bush.
SOX - “Public Company Bookkeeping Reform and Investor Protection Act” or “Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act” OR Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (07/30/2002) Set after september 11 attacks by President George W. Bush. set new or enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public bookkeeping firms.
FERPA - “Buckley Amendment” - Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (08/21/1974) Protects the privacy of student education records. The law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education.
HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (08/21/1996) Created after the september 11 attacks. Responsibility for creating and enforcing the standards for the endorsement of health information under the dept of health and human services. Standardization of patient health info., one-of-a-kind identifiers for individuals, security standards for protecting confidentiality and integrity.
AHRA - Audio Home Recording Act (10/28/1992) The act enabled the release of recordable digital formats such as Sony and Philips’ Digital Audio Tape without fear of contributory infringement lawsuit.
DMCA - Digital Millennium Copyright Act (10/28/1998) It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works. President Bill Clinton18 USC 2319 - Copyrights - Defines the criminal punishments for copyright violations where an individual is found to be reproducing or distributing copyrighted material where at least 10 duplicates have been prefabricated of 1 or more works.
COPPA - Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 - Websites that are collecting information from kids under the age of thirteen are required to comply with Federal Trade Commission ( FTC ).
CANSPAM - Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing Act (11/25/2003) - establishes the United States’ first national standards for the sending of commercial e-mail and requires the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce its provisions.
CALEA - Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (1994)an act by the US Congress to assist wiretapping of U.S. domestic telephone and World wide web traffic.
NET- No Electronic Theft (1997) Criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement
CPA - Communications Privacy Act (10/21/1986) Extend government restrictions on wire taps to include electronic data by computer.
GLB - Graham-Leach-Biley Financial Services Modernization Act (GLBA) (11/12/1999) Protects private information of customers. Prohibits financial organization from disclosing a customer’s private info unless the org has disclosed that this might occur and given a customer the chance to opt of the disclosure.

Know More About Adsl Modems

Fri, 24 Jun 2011 13:02:07 +0000

ADSL refers to asymmetric digital subscriber line and a kind of DSL broadband world wide web connection technology. One of its major benefits is excessive quantity of data which can be sent to already accessible copper telephone lines. They display an improved form of conventional modem lines. In order to meet the needs of high-speed world wide web communication devices, there have been numerous improvements in today’s environment. There is a specific attachment of a special filter connected to the user’s telephone line which enables both ADSL and genuine telephone services need to be run in synchronization. This filter is popularly known as micro filter.

The construction features of ADSL individualized modems call for the services of subscribers and ADSL modem which should be kept in close geological area to the world wide web service provider’s central office. it is imperative to get the ideal services that subscribers can attain from the demand of equilibrise of the digital subscriber line. The distance between the ISP office and subscriber should be in a length of maximum 2.5 miles. The upstream rate of ADSL is 16 to 640 Kbps and its downstream rate is 1.5 to 9 Mbps which makes it beneficial as compared to all other world wide web connections acquirable in the defined vicinity.

The latest ADSL technology is majorly represented by ADSL individualized modems. This modem provides a favourite and cost effective solution for end users. It enables the faster data transfer directly to the individualized personal of the user. The cost of this modem differs depending on the user’s demand for the speed variations in the server. There are numerous options with the variations of upstream and downstream frequencies according to the abilities and location of the users. The minimum acquirable configuration is 1.5 Mbps and maximum is 8 Mbps.

ADSL individualized modems are generally of three types including Ethernet, PCI and USB. The major advantage of ADSL modems is that it can create multiple channels for the transfer of data.

Article Source: http://www.twindi.com/en/category-plist/10041-10088/Modems.htm

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Cell Phones All About

Tue, 21 Jun 2011 03:05:40 +0000

CELL PHONES

The astonishing technology cell phones have these days is surprisingly growing and developing.

cell phones started out as an intent for a mobile phone that can be used from a car, within a given range. This was happening back in 1947. Since then, their purpose was reached and greatly exceeded.

The mane comes from the word cellular combined with the normally used word, phone. Cellular because their whole technology is based on cells of signal. Each cell has as a centre a transmitter that assures the mobility and the great range, nearly worldwide, of mobile phones. These transmitters are put in such a way so that they can form a network with totally no uncovered spaces. Not all portions have been covered, but the civilized and populated locations all have mobile phone operators and coverage.

Nowadays, mobile phones try to include as many technological areas as possible. There is no cell phone out there that is only a cell phone. From watching television to playing games, taking photos and making movies, from real music to color display, they have it all. Some phones even have Windows from mobile on them, just like PCs. Others can actually compete with game consoles like Nintendo because they are kind of a miniature game console themselves.

The extreme competition out there makes developers want to achieve more and more with their phones. Nihon has always been a pioneer in the cell phone industry, they had television and camera phones long before they appeared in USA and Europe. Asian manufactures and worldwide producers try each day to come up with new things for a cell phone, following a fixed goal: the perfect phone that can stand for all multimedia and communication devices out here, a phone that combines everything from communication to utility and work.

So, in the near future the cell phone might offer us a great surprise. How knows, they might try and develop some kind of holographic graphics. No matter what the next step is, the industry is certainly improving each minute, even as we talk and cell phones have a bright future ahead of them.

Get Yourself Updated About 3G Technology.

Fri, 17 Jun 2011 22:10:07 +0000

The first generation (1G) began in the primeval 80’s with commercial deployment of Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) cellular networks. Early AMPS networks used Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (FDMA) to carry analog voice over channels in the 800 MHz frequency band. The second generation (2G) emerged in the 90’s when mobile operators deployed two competing digital voice standards. Across the world, many operators adopted the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) standard, which used Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to multiplex up to 8 calls per channel in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands.

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) defined the third generation (3G) of mobile telephony standards IMT-2000 to assist growth, increase bandwidth, and support more diverse applications. For example, GSM could deliver not only voice, but also circuit-switched data at speeds up to 14.4 Kbps. But to support mobile multimedia applications, 3G had to deliver packet-switched data with superior spectral efficiency, at far greater speeds.

However, to get from 2G to 3G, mobile operators had make “evolutionary” upgrades to existing networks while simultaneously planning their “revolutionary” new mobile broadband networks. This lead to the establishment of two distinct 3G families: 3GPP and 3GPP2.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 to foster deployment of 3G networks that descended from GSM. 3GPP technologies evolved as follows.

• General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offered speeds up to 114 Kbps.
• Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) reached up to 384 Kbps.
• UMTS Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) offered downlink speeds up to 1.92 Mbps.
• High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) boosted the downlink to 14Mbps.
• LTE Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) is aiming for 100 Mbps.

GPRS deployments began in 2000, followed by EDGE in 2003. While these technologies are defined by IMT-2000, they are sometimes called “2.5G” because they did not offer multi-megabit data rates. EDGE has now been superceded by HSDPA (and its uplink partner HSUPA).
3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the individual can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher.
However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified. In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, even though this is not strictly a 3G property.

Simply 3G cellular technology is can be defined as the supplying of wireless broadband data and information services right to a person’s mobile unit. Compared to the previous technologies, 3G promises speeds ranging from 144 Kbps, which is 3 times faster compared to the traditional 56K dial-up modem connection up to 2.4 Mbps, which is very near cable-modem speed. The networks of 3G grants you to browse swiftly through web pages, watch on-demand video programs, download and play music, videos and 3D games, watch streaming videos and music videos and have a video conference with others located on the other side of the plant.

With the new way of doing telecommunication, many mobile phone manufacturing companies tried to make some profit from it and launched 3G enabled phones but till now no one is as successful as Apple iphone 3G .

http://www.unlockediphone.info

21St Century – What Should we Know About The Cell Phones For Kids?

Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:03:02 +0000

21st Century – what should we know about the cell phones for kids?

Back in the day, the only means by which we can communicate with other people is through the postal service. Some years later, something revolutionary was invented that changed the way how people communicated with one another. With the invention of the telephone, people are healthy to speak with someone in real time even if they are far away. And with the advancement in technology, electronics, and the invention of the computer, the cellular phone was born.

And now in the 21st century, the cell phone has become an integral part of our regular lives. It has evolved from its meager beginnings into something so awesome and powerful that it actually looks like a pocket-sized computer. It has tons of gadgets and features that it can replace all of the gadgets we used to carry in our bags. It is so useful that there are even cell phones for kids!

However, the question about getting pre paid cell phones for children is if they really need it or not?

To Purchase or Not To Purchase Prepaid Cell Phone for Kids

Kids this day are born into a world that is filled with high-tech gadgets. They were born in to a generation where cell phones are small and connecting to the world wide web is just like walking.

However, you might think that since they are children, they won’t need costly cell phones since they’re still too young to fully utilize them or they might just misplace and lose it.

However, the real value of giving children a cell phone is for your peace of mind and for their safety. If your kid has a cell phone, you will be healthy to contact them immediately and know their whereabouts. Superior still, if something were to happen to them, they can immediately call you to notify you of the situation. If your worry is the price tag, there are a lot of cheap cell phones
for children acquirable that won’t lose out on power to the more high-tech models but is still cheap enough to replace just in case your kid loses it. Superior yet, these cell phones are simple to use and are not as complicated as the newer smartphone counterparts.

The Ideal Cell Phones for Kids

As a parent, what you truly want from a cell phone that can be used by your child are its country functions. If you find a cell phone that can ensure your kid’s country then that is the ideal type of phone that you can buy. By purchasing a cell phone that has a reliable security function and has
the ability to notify you whenever something is up with just one press of a button, then that cell phone would be the perfect one for a kid to have.

So are you still hesitating and thinking about whether or not you should purchase your kid a cell phone? Think of it this way: what you’ll be giving your child is not a toy, but a potential lifeline that they could use when they need help the most.

The great things about updating your kitchen appliances

Fri, 20 May 2011 21:56:50 +0000

update your kitchen aid is sometimes a very serious problem indeed. Even though it might seem sometimes that manufacturers are generally aware that whatever the final product of something more specific just for the hell he is, is really something like a lesson. The continuous influx of new kitchen gadgets on the market demonstrate the undeniable fact that the kitchen needs a anaplasty from time to time.

While many people are happy to update your TV, computer or phone for a newer model, the kitchen can easily begin by the wayside, and you are then left with food preparation gadgets might be a tiny past their best. Remember, cooking is one of the most important parts of the house, and must be treated well, with the maximum utility.

New Kitchen Aid does not give the cost of land, and if you purchased you can reap the benefits swiftly and safely prepared foods that everyone can enjoy. New kitchen helper will grant you to live a healthier approach to life have. Do the scale is of good calibre digital kitchen in mind more Assit.

In most of these gadgets is to maintain a positive intent of how your microwave would be (for security issues and Performance Summary), your family, blender, mixer and your processors, etc. . Update your kitchen can do something useful and positive, and it is sure to remind you how wonderful food can be easy Learn the new range of slow cookers available, or perhaps even broiler for a start. Then there are the kitchen gadgets you different foods from scratch. do

These things are like cover machines, equipment for making pasta or pizza special furnace to produce excellent pizzas for the family to help tuck in updating your kitchen tools can be cheaper than you might think, by offering various refunds and operating there.You can easily find all kinds of reduction of the ideal kitchen tools on the World wide web websites of reputable and reliable merchants. Time for a fresh look at how your kitchen works!

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Teacher’s awareness about the availability and use of technology for visually impaired : A study

Mon, 25 Apr 2011 21:08:52 +0000

Introduction

Advances in technology have significantly influenced in the blind and low vision individuals. Over the past 20th year improvement in personal has granted for readily access to VI. This day a massive percentage of students with VI spend over 80% of their school days in general educational classroom. Student with very severe visual impairment might need to learn read and write using different methods. Braille is a coded system of dots embossed on paper, so that individuals can feel a page of text. Braille is use for different type of reading such as Maths, and Music. Now seen fewer people are using Braille as a reading method today. First reason is that Braille method is slow. According to Tuttle and Ferrell (1995) reported that good Braille reader achieve a rate of only 100 words per minutes. Nolan (1967) found that average high school students who is blind reads even fewer words per minutes.

Can you think of some other reason, Why Braille is less favourite today? The first reason is that the instructors don’t know how to use or instruct the Braille and unavailability of the experts. Another reason is increasing availability of audio tape, immediate computerized print to voice translation difficulty of getting Braille version of books. Braille literacy has become focus of a great debate. Advanced technology is a reason for its unpopularity.

VIBUG (Visually Impaired Blind User Group), the Boston Personal Society are exchanging information to expand personal literacy among mortal with visual impairment. Gaining access of technology and the assistive device designed to minimize the effect of their disability. These exciting technological advances open up a new world for people with severe visual impairment. Technological aids categorized under three heads.

Technological Aids

Visual aids Audio aids Tactile aids

CCTV Talking books Emboss material

Microcomputer Record player Perkins Brailler

OHP Compact disk Braille Printer

Audio cassettes

Telephone

Mobile

Karzweil Reader

Audiodescreption

Community Radio

CCTV – It can be used to enlarge the print found in printed texts and books.

Microcomputer – Using special word processing program can produce massive print display that grant mortal with low vision.

Kurzweil Reader – One of the first computerized systems designed for people with visual impairments that translate print into synthesized speech.

Audiodescription – A technique in which trained narrators describe visual and nonverbal information during the pause in the audio or scripted dialogue of plays, films and television shows by using FM transmission or extra sound track acquirable on stereo TV.

Talking Books – A books acquirable in auditory format.

Braille – A system of reading and writing that uses dot codes that are embossed on paper, developed by Louis Braille in 1929.

Perkins Brailler – It is a compact and portable organisation that uses keys that, when pressed down, emboss special paper with the Braille code.

Braille Printer – A special designed Braille printer is attached to a micro computer, standard text can be translated into Braille, allowing instructor who does not know how to use Braille to produce Braille duplicates of handouts, tests, maps, charts and other class materials

Community Radio – It is a current development in the technology.( Sakal Newspaper Published news on 23 March 2010) conducted exam of VI students with the help of community Radio. It is a great contribution of Vidyavani section – Advanced Educational work for Blind of University of Pune, in the area of special education and especially for VI

Assistive Educational divice

Punani and Rawal (2000) have classified assistive educational device into eight categories. These are as follow.–

Braille duplicators and writer
Writing device
Braille paper
Talking books and tape recorders
Reading machines
Braille computers
Mathematical devices
Geography and Science devices

In addition there are also devices for kids with low vision. Some of these devices are:

Spectacles, microscopes, telescopes, hand and magnifiers, visors, good contrast, reading writing stands, black pens, exercise book with dark lines, use of bright colours where needed, massive print books, magnifying glass, computer, etc.

Use of technology for VI

Students with very severe visually impaired might need to learn read and write.
Immediate computerized print to voice and voice to print translation of document.
Many low vision students they can read a specially adapted version of the text.
Greater and easier access to classroom material for student with severe visual impairment
Benefits from improving their listening skills.
Independent learning is possible.
Increase the confidence level and minimize the effect of disability.
Enhanced participation in recreational and leisure activities.

Availability of technology and assistive educational devices is important for VI mortal is no doubt, but now the question is raised in mind that, what is the duty of teacher? How they know about technology? Are they interested to get knowledge about technology? Will they are aware about technology or not?

To find out this curious view point the researcher took following study:

Title: – : Teacher’s awareness about the availability and use of technology for visually impaired : a study.

Purpose of the study: - The present study explores the instructor awareness about the technology and its use for VI.
Objective of the study: – To find out the technology awareness among instructor of VI.
Delimitation of the study:-

1) This study is limited to technology which is acquirable for VI

2) This study is limited to instructors who instruct the VI students at primary and secondary level.

Significance of the study:-

1) The present study might wage the information to instructors of VI regarding the technological artefact which is useful for VI.

2) The study creates awareness in instructor of VI to know the acquirable technology for VI. If instructors aware about technology they will try to get the knowledge. Many NGO’s can take part to hold training program for instructor to give the knowledge of technology. The study might give great contribution to generate knowledge and useful for VI.

Research method

This is a descriptive research and a survey method was used.

Population

All instructors who instruct in special school and integrated school set up in Pune district.

Sample

23 instructors who instruct at primary and secondary level from special school and integrated school were selected.

A purposive sample method was used.

Data gathering tool and technique

To comprehend the awareness about technology, the researcher constructed the questionnaire. The researcher used open and close ended question to get maximum information from teacher.

Analysis of Data

Table no: 01

Technology acquirable in school

Braille Printer

Screen reader

Graphical Embosser

Instant book reader

Karzweil Reader

CCTV TTI

Others

Responses

Yes

—-

Observation & Interpretation Table No.1 revealed that Braille Printer, Screen reader, CCTV TTI, Graphical Embosser are acquirable in school but Karzweil Reader, Instant book reader are not acquirable in school. Out of these technological aids, no others aids are acquirable in school. Instructors have not responded the others.

Table no: 02

Knowledge about Technology

Response

Braille Printer

Screen reader

Graphical Embosser

Instant book reader

Karzweil Reader

CCTV TTI

Yes

PERCENT

91%

78%

57%

26%

39%

61%

PERCENT

22%

43%

74%

61%

39%

Observation & Interpretation

Table No.-2 shows that the instructors have very well knowledge about technology. As compare to others aids instructors have minimum knowledge aboutInstant book reader andKarzweil Reader because of unavailability of aids in school

. Table no: 03

Technology use in teaching

Response

Braille Printer

Screen reader

Graphical Embosser

Instant book reader

Karzweil Reader

CCTV TTI

Yes

PERCENT

48%

30%

17%

00%

PERCENT

52%

70%

83%

100%

!00%

91%

Observation & Interpretation

Table No.-3 indicates that a few instructors are use technology in their teaching. Only 9% instructors use CCTV for VI because the electricity problem and inconvenience about use.

Table no: 04

Provide training program aboutTechnology

Response

Frequency

Percent

Yes

22%

18%

78%

Total

100%

Observation & Interpretation

Table No.4 highlighted very high percent (78%) instructors stated that no any training program hold about the technology for them.

Table No. 5

Need of training Program

Response

Frequency

Percent

Yes

100%

00%

Total

100

Observation & Interpretation

Table No.5 indicates that (100%) all instructor have need a training program about technology and how its use. The program should organize for VI students.

Table no: 06

Need of training Program from which level

Response

Frequency

Percent

primary

96%

Secondary

Higher secondary

00%

Total

100

Observation & Interpretation

Table No.6 indicates that (96%) instructors are stated that the training program should be arranged from the primary level.

Statement: – What is your view about the technology? It is really useful for VI students or not?

Responses:-

Technology is really good and it is very useful for mortal who can not see.
Because of technology, student can learn independently without any supporter
For the simple interaction with normal children
Increase their reading, and listening skills
It is a powerful learning resource for them through which they can progress and fight in today’s world.

Statement: – Why you are not use technology?

Responses

Technology is not acquirable in school
It is acquirable but we do not have knowledge about technology.
Financially it is not inexpensive for school.

CONCLUSION

Technology is acquirable in school. Karzweil Reader and instant book reader is not acquirable in school. Most of the instructors have the knowledge about technology.
In case of the awareness about technology the study found that the instructors are superior aware about the technology.
All (100%) instructors wanted a special training program about technology, through which they will get adequate knowledge

REFERANCES

Encyclopedia of Indian Education, Volume I ( A-K ), J. S. Rajput, NCERT.
Encyclopedia of Indian Education, Volume II ( A-K ), J. S. Rajput, NCERT. 1st edition April, 2004.
The international encyclopedia of Education ,Research and Studies, Torsten, Husen, T Neville Postle thwattb, Volume IX T.2, Pergaman press, Oxford New york. Toronto 1985.
Doing Research in the Real world, second edi . David Gray. Sage Publication.2009
Educational research, eigth edi,Gay, Mills,Airasian. Pearson Merill Prentice hall ,2006

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