Information Technology Blog

Archive for March 27th, 2010

From the heavy cordless phones of the 1980’s to the smart phones of today, cellular phone technology has undergone a astounding change. But have you ever wondered how you can call to your well wisher in the whole world with the usage of a mobile phone? You also have knowledge about the main features such as WAP and GPRS from the cell phone vendors and service providers. But you must aware of what they really mean?

There are numerous mobile technologies. So next time, when you are going to buy a phone, you should know what technologies it has.

Generations of mobile communications

In the late 1970s, the first generation (1G) of mobile communications was introduced; it was primarily used for voice transfer. Second generation (2G) systems came into existence in the primeval 1990s and was further developed to 2. 5G, which includes high technologies such as TDMA, GSM and CDMA. These technologies were used for voice and data.

The next generation of mobile communications is 3G which delivers data speeds from 384 kbps to 2 Mbps and over wireless interfaces such as GSM, TDMA and CDMA.

Mobile phone access technologies

Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
The first-generation analog mobile access method; for apiece call, FDMA uses separate frequencies. For instance, if there are four stations, apiece will receive their own frequency. So there is no interference between them. It reduces interference, but limits the number of users.

Time division multiple access (TDMA)
TDMA allocates one-of-a-kind time slots to apiece individual within apiece channel, thus allowing many users to access the broadcasting frequency without anyone’s interference. Each mobile conversation uses only a particular frequency slot of the time.

Code division multiple access (CDMA)
Commercially introduced in 1995 by Qualcomm, CDMA swiftly became one of the world’s fastest-growing wireless technologies. 3G CDMA networks wage more capacity for voice traffic with high-speed data capabilities, hence many cellular service providers are now building or upgrading to it.

CDMA is used in both 2G and 3G wireless technologies. Indian Cell operators such as Reliance IndiaMobile, TATA Indicom, BSNL and MTNL’s Garuda all use CDMA2000 technology and its variant CDMA1x.

Global system for mobile communications (GSM)
GSM is now the worldwide standard technology for mobile communications. It is developed on TDMA prescript in Europe. GSM provides a high level of security, globally accepted technology standards and better sound quality.

For any GSM phone to work, it needs a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), a card which contains your telephone statement information. So, an Indian GSM phone can be used in any part of the world.

Wireless technology platforms

1) GPRS
GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is an enhancement to GSM technology that integrates GSM and IP technology. GPRS offers to access the World wide web at the very high speed. So you can check your email on the move and surf the Web at very high speed. Currently BPL Mobile and Hutch (Orange in Mumbai) offer GPRS services in India.

2) WAP
In this high technology age, people on the move need any-time access to the Net. This is where WAP comes in. It facilitates us to World wide web access from cell phones. It is an open standard for wireless protocols that is independent of the service providers. The cell phone must have a WAP browser to display Web content. Now-a-days, cell phones often come equipped with WAP browser and GPRS technology.
WAP and GPRS also enable the individual to download games, send mail and even transfer your messages to your PC.

3) EDGE
The new EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment) interface has been developed specifically to meet the bandwidth needs of 3G. This technology is promoted by Ericsson, it also offers high-speed data transfers over GSM networks with just a software upgrade to the handset. EDGE technology grants speeds up to 384 kbps.

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There are many causes for coming crossways various error messages on your computer; if your pc has displayed a null jscript runtime error in current times, don’t fret. Comprehend that the bulk of personal woes might promptly be sorted out even if you are not a personal expert. Scan the following few paragraphs and i will explain a easy and useful method to solve this annoying problem with errors.

Before you begin, it is important that you determine the cause of this trouble. In many, if not most cases, it’s a question of your windows registry – this where your windows follows what you do on your pc. It keeps all records of all the software and hardware installations you’ve performed, and additionally, the links to files that run these applications. A link that is no longer functioning or a dilapidated registry can be the cause of a null jscript runtime error and various other problems, including your personal becoming unresponsive or freezing and .dll errors.

Other sources for the inconvenience of runtime errors include improper program installations or uninstallations, conflicts between several programs (when you have a lot of applications installed on your pc), personal viruses, spyware, etc. Let us stress that all of these factors can lead to missing or dilapidated links in your windows registry, and consequently can cause windows to display all of those irritating error messages in the ideal scenario.

There are many ways that enable you to solve these problems; the difficulty can often be in trying to determine which application or applications, or which specific corrupted registry section or sections might be the source of the trouble. If this describes your situation, and you are not a personal ace, there are two things you can do: either contact a personal technician (the costly alternative), or utilize a program designed to clean your registry.

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